Listeners will gain a clear understanding of the differences between single-phase (1P) and two-phase (2P) direct liquid cooling (DLC) technologies, including the thermal mechanisms, benefits, and limitations of each. The paper offers practical insights into real-world challenges of implementing 2P DLC, such as pressure drop effects, series vs. parallel configurations, and flow imbalance. A new method for calculating thermal resistance in 2P systems is introduced, enabling fair comparison to 1P systems. Listeners will also learn about economic and operational barriers to 2P adoption, including refrigerant costs and high system pressure. By the end, they will understand why 1P DLC is currently more viable for mass deployment and what advancements are needed for 2P DLC to become practical for data centers.
